Responsibility of Friar Lawrence in Shakespeares Romeo...

â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star- crossed lovers take their life, Whose misadventured piteous overthrows, Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.† There are many reasons to the tragedy of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. The tragedy, of Romeo and Juliet, involves a pair of ill- fated lovers who by their deaths will end the long and bitter feud that has been raging between their families for centuries. There are many incidents that occurred and many people could be blamed for the deaths of the two lovers. However, I believe that Friar Laurence is the one character most at fault for the tragedy that occurred. One of the mistakes that Friar Laurence made was sending Friar John with the†¦show more content†¦He is the one that informed Romeo of Juliets â€Å"death† in the first place and was able to get into the city of Mantua despite the Black Plague. Another mistake that Friar Laurence made was conju ring up a plan that involves Juliet taking a sleeping potion. â€Å"Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilling liquor drink thou off...† â€Å"†¦stiff and stark and cold appear, like death, And this borrowed likeness of shrunk death, Thou shalt continue two and forty hours, And then wake as from a pleasant sleep. (Act 4- Scene 1, Pg. 99)† The plan that Friar Laurence was speaking of was Juliet taking a potion that made her seem as though she was dead for forty- two hours. The family, believing her to bed dead, would have her taken to the Capulet burial vault. When she would awaken, Romeo would have already been informed of the plan and be there to take there to Mantua. His convincing Juliet to take the potion is another reason to blame for the death is because he never considered what would happen if the potion did not allow Juliet to return from her â€Å"pleasant sleep†. Romeo would have thought that Friar Laurence had killed her by givin g her poison and then he would be executed for killing Friar Laurence in his rage of anger. The last of the many mistakes that Friar Laurence made, that led to the series of tragic events, was agreeing to perform the marriage ceremony for the two lovers. â€Å"Thy love did notShow MoreRelatedThe Responsiblity the Adults Hold1216 Words   |  5 Pagesin William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet where two young star crossed lovers die for the sake of each other’s love. While the failure of an adult’s role to their children’s lives seems inconceivable, the Capulets, the Nurse, and Friar Lawrence all fail and bear responsibility in the demise of Romeo and Juliet. The parents of Juliet, Capulet and Lady Capulet, are one of many who contributed to evitable end of her daughter. The father opted for a sudden decision of marriage of Juliet and the CountyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1549 Words   |  7 PagesOne of Shakespeare’s most eminent plays, Romeo and Juliet is a tale revolving around a pair of star-crossed lovers whose premature relationship must go undiscovered because of their feuding families. However, in the arduous process of protecting its secrecy, several essential figures including Romeo, Friar Lawrence and the theme of fate play decisive roles that hold responsibility in the turnout of events that lead to a tragic conclusion. Romeo, the lover himself is rebellious and desperate for loveRead More Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1449 Words   |  6 Pages Taking Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, the star crossed lovers, the perfect sadly losing there lives for their great love of each other. The tragic death has many characters to blame, but it is impossible to pinpoint the full responsibility on one individual character. Many of the characters in Romeo and Juliet blame each other, for example, the Prince blames the two families and feud forRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Romeo And Juliet1733 Words   |  7 PagesIn the tragic play of Romeo and Juliet, a distinguished play written by a world-renowned playwright, William Shakespeare, during the Elizabethan era, shows an ill-fated couples tragic demise. Shakespeare creates complex characters, such as Romeo, with layered personalities and characteristics through his use of language techniques to create invoking issues and dilemmas, such as who held responsibility for the wedded lover’s death; consequently engaging the audience in issues of high interest resultingRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Failure Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmany others, Romeo and Juliet fell in love accidentally. Romeo’s love for Rosaline was soon dismissed with the introduction of his counterpart in the play, Juliet. As can perhaps be expected with any great tragedy, their love failed. While many reasons exist for this failure, including fate, young age and a lack of sufficient rationality, their counselor, Friar Lawrence, also played a key role in their love’s failure. Without sufficient foresight and logical thinking, Romeo and Juliet became victimsRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1599 Words   |  7 Pages‘Romeo and Juliet’ by William Shakespeare is a play centered around the the love of the two protagonists, Romeo and Juliet, who are caught up in an ancient feud between their families, the Montagues and the Capulets. The tale depicts the unlikely love story between the pair and results in their tragic death. The theme of responsibility is vital in the understanding of the play and who is to blame for the death of the lovers. Throughout the play, the main characters that are seen to be responsibleRead MoreEssay on Parents Roles in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1335 Words   |  6 PagesParents Roles in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet were set in Verona, where two families are enemies; they are enemies due to an ‘ancient grudge’ which has been powerful enough to keep the two lovers apart. The Montague’s’ son Romeo falls in love with the Capulet’s daughter Juliet. Both Romeo and Juliet come from a society filled with hatred and fighting. Neither of the lovers can confront their parents, as they do not have a close relationship Read More Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay2603 Words   |  11 PagesFriar Lawrence of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In reading critical analysis of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet I found that many people call Friar Lawrence a moderate man who elicits to others his voice of wisdom and reason. An example of this sort of conclusion is George Ian Duthies opinion that Lawrence is A very worthy man, prudent and worldly-wise(xix.xx). G.B. Harrison views him as sympathetically treated, wise, grave, patient(6). Due to this continuing interpretationRead MoreDeath and Responsibility in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1075 Words   |  5 PagesDeath and Responsibility in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Death is an elusive concept that binds and connects a series of themes and issues that occur in Romeo and Juliet. To discuss whether Romeo and Juliet are responsible for their deaths, one must analyse various causes of this tragedy. This essay will explore the following reasons: family feuds, love, passion, and fate. First, it is important to understand the characters. Romeo we know is the only sonRead MoreThe Opening Monologue Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe opening monologue of Romeo and Juliet gives us background information on the setting, the two main characters Romeo and Juliet, their families, and foreshadows the major conflict of this play that ends in tragedy. During Act I, the play progresses more in depth of the conflict. The brawl in the beginning shows on a small scale a long-lasting repugnance between the two families. It is essential to note that the fight between the Montagues and Capulets explodes first among the servants

The Brief Wondrous Free Essays

To experience passionate feelings for the first time is invigorating, maybe on the grounds that it increases to a startling level of self-change. We’re all impacted by our loved ones, however a few of us all the more so. Evident in the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, there are some people in the world who have extreme attachment and stress-related anxiety with being left alone, also known as Oscar in the story, ask themself of their own happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brief Wondrous or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the author, Junot Diaz, writes about self-growth throughout the novel, he explained that sometimes self-development can force you towards unfortunate propensities, making you more on edge, and even confused. In entering a relationship, there’s a possibility that you might turn into someone you might not wish to become; which often causes individuals to make illogical decisions that configures their lives, in this case, Oscar being the individual making irrational decisions. Oscar had girlfriends as early as the age of seven, he was dating two girls from his school both Maritza Chacon and Olga Polanca at the same time. In spite of the three way relationship between the young lovers being an actual thing, it only lasted for a week. One day after school, Maritza wanted to face reality and confronted Oscar saying, â€Å"It’s either her or me!†(Page14,Chapter1), Oscar being the player that he was with his Dominican Republic blood at age seven, wanted to share, having the best of both worlds, but Maritza wasn’t accepting any of Oscar’s nonsense. Maritza was different from the other girls Oscar had interacted with. She was beautiful and easy going with the guys, while the other girlfriend, Olga was unattractive and quiet. So it was pretty easy for Oscar to choose who to be with, Maritza. Only to be dumped not even a week after Oscar had dumped Olga! Oscar was doleful. So heartbroken to the fact that, he did not interact with another girl for years. After the whole situation of being dumped by Maritza, over the next couple of years Oscar became depressed, leaning towards food for comfort, in the end leading him to obesity, and when he got into the stage of early adolescence no one could really call him that cute little Dominican Republic boy anymore. Oscar got uncomfortable with his overweight body and no longer could go anywhere near girls, because they always â€Å"shrieked and called him gordo asqueroso.†(Page17,Chapter1). However, Oscar had become so desperate that if a girl talked to him for even a split second, he would fall in love with her. He â€Å"became a social introvert†(Page22,Chapter1), not having many friends throughout high school. â€Å"[Oscar’s] affection-that gravitational mass of love, fear, longing, desire, and lust that he directed at any and every girl in the vicinity without regard to looks, age, or availability-broke his heart each and every day.†(Page23,Chapter1). As a result, he became very unwoeful with his life, abusing himself not only mentally but physically by lowering his self-esteem and self-confidence. As it came towards Oscar’s Senior Year, â€Å"Oscar fell in love with a girl in his SAT prep class.†(Page33,Chapter1), Ana. Ana was a conversationalist, and in Oscar’s perspective â€Å"[Ana] had beautiful Carribean-girl eyes†(Page34,Chapter1). She was a bit strange compared to the other girls, yet good-looking, making Oscar fall head over heels in love with her. Until one day she talked about her ex-boyfriend, Manny. Although things were going well between Ana and Oscar, the thought of Ana talking about Manny kept roaming in the back of his mind, pestering him.- â€Å"My parents loved Manny. My mom used to cook dinner for him all the time.†(Page35,Chapter1) Oscar liked Ana, but it didn’t seem that Ana had the same feelings. Poor Oscar. When Ana had told Oscar that she and Manny were dating again, his heart got broken once more. Although this isn’t the last time Oscar gets his heart broken, it sure is a starting point to deep, dark thoughts. As we read about Oscar’s life in the novel, we can identify that due to the strong impression from Oscar’s surroundings, he believed that a person needed to be loved, naturally he received stress from not succeeding, and in the end lost touch with reality. With peer pressure of having been told to lose his virginity more than several times, he became desperate, wanting to prove to himself that he too, can get a girl and be happy with life. However, due to the fact that Oscar couldn’t really succeed in that area of expertise, it led him to numerous accounts of attempted suicide and eventually death. How to cite The Brief Wondrous, Papers

Manufacturing Industry in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on the Topic "Costs of production in Manufacturing Industry in Australia". Answer: Introduction One of the critical manufacturing industries based in Australia is the car manufacturing which is currently reeling under pressure as the government announced way back in 2014-2015 about the decision to stop all aid being extended to the industry by 2017. This announcement has negative impact not only on the car manufacturing industry but the manufacturing sector on the whole in Australia as the economy is dominated by tertiary and primary sectors, The withdrawal of support by the government had led to withdrawal of General Motors and Ford from their Australia based manufacturing facilities. The key issue with the car manufacturing industry is in the form of high labour cost which makes it difficult for Australian car manufacturers to compete with other global car manufacturers. As a result, the imported cars are emerging as lucrative option to Australian customers and this trend has accelerated in the recent times as the Australian currency has appreciated making imports cheaper (Je richo, 2014). In this background, the objective of the current report is to highlight the woes of the car manufacturing industry along with role of government and possible options for the industry in wake of economic theory. Discussion With regards to manufacturing industry cost is significant so that competitive edge can be maintained against other manufacturers. One of the key costs with regards to car manufacturing is labour cost which despite automation still remains significant. In Australia on account of limited supply of labour, availability of other avenues and minimum wages, the labour costs tends to be significantly higher in comparison with the low cost manufacturing hubs based in South East Asia particularly India and China. These countries have huge supply of skilled and semi-skilled manpower who are willing to work for a fraction of wages prevalent in Australia. In this regards, the Australian car manufacturers tend to lag which is a matter of grave concern. In the last four to five decades, this situation has not dramatically altered and the industry along with the government has not taken innovative measures to reform the industry and make it self-sustaining. Instead, the government policy has been content with following the managed decline policy where the government has continuous provided state support to ensure that the industry remains viable and has progressed aimed to lower the state support without actually making attempts to make the industry sustainable (Conley, 2014). Even though the Australian economy may seem to be dominated by services and mining, but manufacturing also has immense utility to the economy not only in terms of GDP but also creation of jobs. The manufacturing industry contribution to the economy of Australia is reflected from the following table (Jericho, 2014). Further, the contribution of the car manufacturing industry and allied firms to the overall employment in manufacturing sector is captured by the following graph which reflects the potential impact of closure of car manufacturing facilities in Australia (Jericho, 2014). In the light of the current government policy and the subsequent decision to withdraw the state support, it is essential to explore if any option is available to this crucial industry so as to survive without government support. Globally, there are two major business models that area adopted by the car manufacturers based on their respective core competency. One of these relates to the low cost based manufacturing model which is opted by countries based in Asia which have easy access to cheap and skilled labour and thus have a cost advantage against their western peers. As a result, mass car manufacturing is being practiced in these countries which are meant not only for satiating the domestic demand but also for exports to western nations and Africa (KPMG, 2014). Clearly, this is a model which Australia cannot model based on the factors of production. Another model worth mentioning is the one which is followed by the Western nations based mostly out of Europe. These manufacturers also cannot compete with the low labour cost of the Asian nations and hence have ventured in high end cars where high level of skill, technology and expertise is desired. These nations tend to be have these factors of production which provides them edge in this segment as compared to the low cost manufacturing hubs which lack the technological abilities and high skilled manpower. Further, these manufacturers also tend to have easy availability of markets in the form of other developed neighbouring countries and hence this model has served them well which has helped in development of a niche for these. Even though Australia also has the requisite factors of production for luxury cars manufacturing but it seems unlikely that the Australian car manufacturers can pursue this model. This is primarily on account of the geographical location which is isolated an d hence makes exports unviable (KPMG, 2014).Thus, the above discussion indicates that for Australia neither of the two prevalent models seems to be suited. Even though the factors of the production present in Australia are similar to the other western nations but geographical constraints defeats any attempt to move into this segment. Additionally, the demand in Australia and the only significant neighbour in the form of New Zealand would be modest at best and hence would not be able to justify the high capital expenditure required in setting up shop. However, the failure of the car industry does not imply that the manufacturing sector is not significant or the demand for these goods can be met with imports with no implications for economy (Toner Stilwell, 2014) Conclusion It is imperative that the cost issue which remains a problem not only in car manufacturing but also in other sectors needs to be resolved through government support. While it seems quite obvious that considering the high labour cost and low demand, economies of scale cannot be reaped by the Australian manufacturers, but the government shall still continue to provide support to these industry considering the contribution to employment. Further, before drawing support from this industry, it makes sense that the government takes proactive measures so as to adjust those employed in manufacturing sectors currently can be absorbed by other sectors where Australia has a competitive edge based on the inherent factors of production (Barbaro, Spoehr NIEIR. 2014). References Barbaro, B., Spoehr, J. NIEIR. (2014). Closing the Motor Vehicle Industry: The Impact on Australia, University of Adelaide, Retrieved on August 23, 2017 from https://www.adelaide.edu.au/wiser/research/development/automotive%20industry/Closing_the_Motor_Vehicle_Industry_-_The_impact_in_Australia.pdf Conley, T.(2014). Managed decline to rapid demise: Abbotts car industrygamble, The Conservation, Retrieved on August 23, 2017 from https://theconversation.com/managed-decline-to-rapid-demise-abbotts-car-industry-gamble-23124 Jericho, G. (2014). Car industry exit: manufacturing is declining but it is still a vital cog, The Guardian, Retrieved on August 23, 2017 from https://www.theguardian.com/business/grogonomics/2014/feb/13/car-industry-exit-manufacturing-declining-but-still-vital (Accessed on November 22, 2015) KPMG (2014), The UK Automotive Industry and the EU, KPMG Website, Retrieved on August 23, 2017 from https://www.kpmg.com/UK/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/PDF/Market%20Sector/Automotive/uk-automotive-industry-and-the-eu.pdfToner, P. Stilwell, F. (2014). Why does Australia need manufacturing industry?, Australian Options, Retrieved on August 23, 2017 from https://www.australian-options.org.au/2014/02/why-does-australia-need-manufacturing-industry/

The Road to Becoming a Teacher Essay Example For Students

The Road to Becoming a Teacher Essay Shayne McCormickMr. KatzSenior Project Research PaperJanuary 8, 2002The Road to Becoming a TeacherTeachers bear the heavy responsibility of molding the minds of our nations most precious resource, its children. The road to becoming a teacher is a long one, involving post-high school education, people skills, and a desire to change lives. These traits, when accompanied by experience and good techniques, form the foundation for an effective, life-altering educator. Before anything else, teachers must have a desire to impact the lives of their students (Education). Some teachers teach because they want to help children learn and grow and would like to make a contribution to society. Others have an intellectual fascination with a certain subject (such as math or history), have been inspired by one of their own teachers, or feel they have a sense of commitment to their country (Recruit). One thing is certain, teachers that go into the profession for selfish reasons will find it hard to commit to their career. The salary for a teacher is not likely to make a person rich, so their motives must be based on helping improve the minds of future generations (Kizlik). If there is a desire to be a teacher, it must also be coupled with education, training, and preparation. To serve as a public school educator, one must have obtained at least a bachelors degree, completed an approved teacher education program, and be licensed (School Teachers). These qualifi cations are universal for all fifty States and the District of Columbia. Instructors may be licensed to teach the early childhood grades (usually nursery school through grade 3); the elementary grades (grades 1 through 6 or 8); the middle grades (grades 5 through 8); a secondary education subject area (usually grades 7 through 12); or a special subject, such as reading or music (usually grades K through 12) (School Teachers). We will write a custom essay on The Road to Becoming a Teacher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The requirements for licensing differ from state to state. However, it is a necessity to complete an approved teacher-training program with a prescribed number of subject and education credits as well as practiced teaching, supervised by an official. In addition, nearly all States demand applicants for teacher licensure to be tested for competency in basic skills such as reading, math, teaching, and subject matter proficiency (School Teachers). Most states use a standardized version of this test, known as the PRAXIS exam (Recruit). It is recommended that prospective teachers take 24 to 36 credits in an area of specialization and 18 to 24 credits in teaching courses (Princeton). Teachers also must be able to communicate, inspire trust and confidence, motivate, and understand the educational and emotional needs of their students (School Teachers). Potential educators are advised to gain skills in communications, organization, and time management (Princeton). The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education accredits more than 500 teacher education programs in the United States. In most cases, four-year colleges require students to wait until their sophomore year before applying for admission to teacher education programs. The traditional education programs for kindergarten and elementary teachers include courses in mathematics, physical science, social science, music, art, and literature, as well as prescribed professional education courses such as philosophy of education, psychology of learning, and teaching methods. Hopeful secondary school teachers have two options. They may either major in the subject they plan to teach while also taking education courses, or major in education while taking their subject courses (School Teachers). In addition to traditional licensure, some states offer what is called Emergency Licensure. These licenses bypass state licensing requirements. They are usually granted to individuals who teach in high-need subject areas, such as mathematics, science, special education, or bilingual education, or for high-need geographic areas such as urban schools (Recruit). .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 , .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .postImageUrl , .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 , .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:hover , .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:visited , .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:active { border:0!important; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:active , .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8 .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub18abeba62476886c2a2362a45c231b8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diversity EssayThere are several programs for future teachers who have received their bachelors degree. One of the major ones, known as a Professional Development School, is a partnership between a university and a secondary school. Students enter the program and receive the privilege of merging the theory they have learned with practice by teaching a yearlong class first-hand (School Teachers). After receiving their education and license, a potential teacher must work to get a job. Though the need for teachers has risen in the past years, finding a job as an instructor can prove to be difficult. The process of identifying and applying for teaching positions requires knowledge, research, organizational and interpersonal skills, determination, creativity, and patience (Recruit). Teachers can apply for teaching positions through their colleges placement office or directly to their chosen school district (Princeton). Some suggested ways of finding employment as a teacher include searching the Internet to find districts with job openings or looking for work in geographic areas like the South or Southwest where the population is growing rapidly. They may also use the more traditional method of answering ads in newspapers (Recruit). Before accepting any position, soon-to-be teachers should be aware of the responsibilities of their job. Teachers are expected to serve as more than just instructors. They must fill the shoes of a communicator, a disciplinarian, a conveyor of information, an evaluator, a classroom manager, a counselor, a member of many teams and groups, a decision-maker, a role-model, and a surrogate parent, to name a few (Kizlik). Teachers must be ready to deal with an array of students with different needs. Their day usually begins around 8 a.m. where they face the difficult task of waking up their tired students and getting them ready to learn. They must find interesting ways of presenting the subjects that students often find tedious (Princeton). Affective teachers use interactive discussion and hands on learning to help students understand the material (School Teachers). A teachers day does not hardly end when the school bell rings. Active teachers are usually involved in after school meetings, committees, assisting students, grading homework, assignments, and projects, and calling parents. These tasks all require a certain amount of personal sacrifice (Kizlik). There have been many changes in education. Even today, the face of education is being changed and refined. Classes are becoming more and more less structured with students working in their own groups. The idea is to prepare students to enter the workforce by teaching them the skills to interact with others, adapt to new technology, and logically think through problems (School Teachers). Even with the experience of the teacher-training programs mentioned earlier, nothing can fully prepare a person to become a teacher. According to Dr. Bob Kizlik, Each of the roles a teacher plays requires practice and skills that are often not taught in teacher preparation programs. Not all who want to be teachers should invest the time and resources in preparation programs if they do not have the appropriate temperament, skills, and personality. Teaching has a very high attrition rate. Depending on whose statistics you trust, around forty percent of new teachers leave teaching within the first five years. It is obviously not what they thought it would be. Elementary school teachers usually are responsible for teaching the same group of children in all subjects. In some cases, two or three teachers all take responsibility for the same group of students. Teachers in secondary schools, however, focus on one subject and dive more deeply into the foundation set during elementary school (School Teachers). The outlook for jobs in the field of education is very good. The number of teachers needed is growing more and more. As stated earlier, nearly forty percent of all teachers will quit within their first five years of educating (Kizlik). This year alone, experts estimate there will be 150,000 to 250,000 openings in the nations elementary and secondary schools. It is also predicted that there will be a need for 2.2 million teachers over the next ten years (Recruit). .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d , .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .postImageUrl , .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d , .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:hover , .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:visited , .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:active { border:0!important; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:active , .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d8fa2b2569a10bd79ef8f73909a136d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Final Exam EssayThe greatest need for teachers occurs in rural and urban areas. There is also a great shortage of teachers in specific subjects, such as math, science, bilingual education, and English as a second language (Recruit). Despite this need, teaching is still considered to be one of the most underpaid professions for college-graduates. The average salary for a teacher in the United States in 1998 was $39,347.00 per year. California, however, is the eighth-highest paid state for teachers, receiving an average of $44,585.00 per year (Salary). Though the pay is not high, the rewards of being an instructor are like no other. Teaching provides a person with the opportunity to give back to their community and to impact a significant number of lives. Teachers have a great responsibility laid at their feet. But, with a desire to change lives, a likeable temperament, and the proper education there is now doubt that one can find true success in the field of education. Words/ Pages : 1,434 / 24

Free Essays on Everything That Rises Must Converge

In the story Everything That Rises Must Converge by Flannery O’connor, there is question as to why Julian acts so negatively towards his mother. There are many examples in the story that can prove or disprove either side. Julian was disrespectful towards his mother based on different views they had caused by changes in society. Throughout the story Julians’ mother portrays her prejudice views in numerous ways. It is stated that she wouldn’t ride the bus alone after dark because busses were now integrated. When she gets on the bus, she expresses happiness based on the fact that there were no blacks riding with them. She is clearly stuck in the past, having grown up in the south before the civil war. She lived on a plantation owned by her grandfather, which had about 200 slaves on it. Julian seems absolutely disgusted with his mother , especially in the beginning of the story. Everything she liked seems to depress him. She was unsure if she liked a hat that she had previously bought, but as soon as she decided she didn’t like it Julian insisted that she wore it. Slater 2 Some thoughts Julian had throughout the story about his mother were harsh and surprising to be coming from her son. For instance, at one point the looked her as if she ceased to exist, and he felt he could have slapped her like she was an annoying child. Julian tries to prove a point to his mother, that they aren’t living back on some plantation with slaves. On the bus, he gets up out of his seat and sits next to a black man just entering the bus, and tries to engage in conversation with him, basically to spite his mother. When that didn’t go as planned he sat there and thought of ways to really get under his mothers’ skin. He thought of how upset she would get for him to come home with a black woman. While he is disgusted with his mothers views, it is difficult to tell whether or not Julian himself is prejudice. He tries to interact with ... Free Essays on Everything That Rises Must Converge Free Essays on Everything That Rises Must Converge In the story Everything That Rises Must Converge by Flannery O’connor, there is question as to why Julian acts so negatively towards his mother. There are many examples in the story that can prove or disprove either side. Julian was disrespectful towards his mother based on different views they had caused by changes in society. Throughout the story Julians’ mother portrays her prejudice views in numerous ways. It is stated that she wouldn’t ride the bus alone after dark because busses were now integrated. When she gets on the bus, she expresses happiness based on the fact that there were no blacks riding with them. She is clearly stuck in the past, having grown up in the south before the civil war. She lived on a plantation owned by her grandfather, which had about 200 slaves on it. Julian seems absolutely disgusted with his mother , especially in the beginning of the story. Everything she liked seems to depress him. She was unsure if she liked a hat that she had previously bought, but as soon as she decided she didn’t like it Julian insisted that she wore it. Slater 2 Some thoughts Julian had throughout the story about his mother were harsh and surprising to be coming from her son. For instance, at one point the looked her as if she ceased to exist, and he felt he could have slapped her like she was an annoying child. Julian tries to prove a point to his mother, that they aren’t living back on some plantation with slaves. On the bus, he gets up out of his seat and sits next to a black man just entering the bus, and tries to engage in conversation with him, basically to spite his mother. When that didn’t go as planned he sat there and thought of ways to really get under his mothers’ skin. He thought of how upset she would get for him to come home with a black woman. While he is disgusted with his mothers views, it is difficult to tell whether or not Julian himself is prejudice. He tries to interact with ...

Learn Whether Cloud Seeding Can Kill Hurricanes

Learn Whether Cloud Seeding Can Kill Hurricanes Efforts at storm modification date back to the 1940s, when Dr. Irwin Langmuir and a team of scientist from General Electric explored the possibility of using ice crystals to weaken storms. This was Project Cirrus. Enthusiasm about this project, combined with devastation from a series of hurricanes that made landfall, prompted the U.S. federal government to appoint a Presidential Commission to investigate storm modification. What Was Project Stormfury? Project Stormfury was a research program for hurricane modification that was active between 1962 and 1983. The Stormfury hypothesis was that seeding the first rain band outside of the eyewall clouds with silver iodide (AgI) would cause supercooled water to turn into ice. This would release heat, which would cause the clouds to grow faster, pulling in air that would otherwise reach the wall of clouds around the eye. The plan was to cut off the air supply feeding the original eyewall, which would cause it to fade away while a second, wider eyewall would grow further from out from the storms center. Because the wall would be wider, air spiraling into the clouds would be slower. The partial conservation of angular momentum was intended to decrease the force of the strongest winds. At the same time the cloud seeding theory was being developed, a group at the Navy Weapons Center in California was developing new seeding generators that could release large amounts of silver iodide crystals i nto storms. Hurricanes That Were Seeded With Silver Iodide In 1961, the eyewall of Hurricane Esther was seeded with silver iodide. The hurricane stopped growing and showed signs of possible weakening. Hurricane Beulah was seeded in 1963, again with some encouraging results. Two hurricanes were then seeded with massive quantities of silver iodide. The first storm (Hurricane Debbie, 1969) weakened temporarily after being seeded five times. No significant effect was detected on the second storm (Hurricane Ginger, 1971). Later analysis of the 1969 storm suggested that the storm would have weakened with or without the seeding, as part of the normal eyewall replacement process.​ Discontinuing the Seeding Program Budget cuts and lack of definitive success led to the discontinuation of the hurricane seeding program. In the end, it was decided that funding would be better spent learning more about how hurricanes work and in finding ways to better prepare for and lessen the damage from natural storms. Even if it turned out cloud seeding or other artificial measures could lessen the intensity of the storms, there was considerable debate about where on their course the storms would be altered and concern over the ecological implications of changing the storms.

Respiratory therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Respiratory therapy - Essay Example   The end result would be deteriorating health conditions especially brain damage and in worst case scenarios, death of the patient. Another breach of standards of care was failure of the respiratory therapist to record the portable ventilators settings and alarm parameters before leaving the neurological intensive care unit. The nurse also played a role in the breach by failure to verify the same considering it is the duty of the stated nurse to do so. The registered nurse also failed to make any entry in his medical record regarding both the patient’s vital signs and the alarm parameters. This is a clear breach of the standards of care that state the records should be updated before the transfer of such patients. The failure of both the registered nurse and the respiratory therapist to keep the necessary records implied that in the event of further deterioration by the patient, the alarm system was unable to go off and notify the respective practitioners on the situation. Failure of the nurse to record the patient’s vital signs ensured that consequent monitoring could not be done. The other breach of standards of care was failure of the nurse to inform the other healthcare providers that she had administered a paralytic drug to the patient. Lastly, both the respiratory therapist and the registered nurse did not focus on the cardiac monitor for fluctuations as is required by the standards. Instead, the nurse was listening for alarms who parameters were never set in the first place. No alarm sounded despite the failing conditions of the plaintiff.

Interprofessional Practice Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interprofessional Practice Health - Essay Example The nurse is there to coordinate care, to deliver bedside care, and to educate the patient and his family about the disease and its treatment; the physician is there to issue orders on treatment and to coordinate with the members of the team for more effective interventions; the social worker helps to manage the patient’s mental health; and the dietician is there to manage the patient’s diet. These members help ensure that the patient’s food, medication, basic care, mental health, and blood glucose is maintained and sustained at healthy and optimum levels. Their coordinated working approach indicates that the interprofessional practice in health care can effectively manage diabetes. Interprofessional health care practice involves the integration of the separate and distinct approaches of care into a single consultation (Jessup, 2007). This means that â€Å"the history-taking, assessment, diagnosis, intervention and short and long-term management goals are conducted by the team, together with the patient, at one time† (Jessup, 2007). In the interprofessional health care approach, the patient is made a part of the decision-making process. The interprofessional health care team is obliged to come up with a coordinated understanding of all the aspects of the patient’s care and from a common and holistic understanding, to explore and discuss interventions and alternatives in the patient’s care. The interprofessional health care approach allows the members of the team to question each other and to step out of their comfort zones and work towards what is best for the patient (Jessup, 2007). This paper shall discuss the disease diabetes and how the members of the interprofessional health care team can work and apply their separate and collective skills in order to manage the patient’s disease. Diabetes is one of the most alarming diseases in the world, mostly because of the increase in its prevalence and also

John Forbes Nash Jr Essay Example for Free

John Forbes Nash Jr Essay John Forbes Nash Jr. (born June 13, 1928) is a mathematician who worked in game theory and differential geometry. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for economics with two other game theorists, Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi. After a promising start to his mathematical career, Nash began to suffer from schizophrenia around his 30th year, an illness from which he has only recovered some 25 years later. John Nash was born in Bluefield, West Virginia as son of John Nash Sr. and Virginia Martin. His father was an electrotechnician; his mother a language teacher. As a young boy he spent much time reading books and experimenting in his room, which he had converted into a laboratory. From June 1945-June 1948 Nash studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, intending to become a technical engineer like his father. Instead, he developed a deep love for mathematics and a lifelong interest in subjects such as number theory, Diophantine equations, quantum mechanics and relativity theory. He loved solving problems. At Carnegie he became interested in the negotiation problem, which John von Neumann had left unsolved in his book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1928). He participated in the game theory group there. From Pittsburgh he went to Princeton University where he worked on his equilibrium theory. He received a Ph. D. in 1950 with the dissertation Non-cooperative games. The thesis contained the definition and properties of what would later be called the Nash equilibrium; 44 years later, it would earn him the Nobel prize. His studies on this subject led to three articles, the first entitled Equilibrium Points in N-person Games, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) (1950), and the others in Econometrica about The Bargaining Problem (April 1950) and Two-person Cooperative Games (January 1953). The only official economic lessons he followed were a series about international trade. In the summer of 1950 he worked at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California, where he returned for shorter periods in 1952 and 1954. From 1950-1951 he taught calculus courses at Princeton, studied and managed to stay out of military service. During this time, he proved the Nash embedding theorem, an important result in differential geometry about manifolds. In 1951-1952 he became science assistant at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At MIT, he met Alicia Lopez-Harrison de Larde, a math student from El Salvador, whom he married in February 1957. Their son, John Charles Martin (b. May 20, 1959), remained nameless for a year because Alicia, having just committed Nash to a mental hospital, felt that he should have a say in what to name the baby. As was his parents, John became a mathematician, but, like his father, he was diagnosed a paranoid schizophrenic. Nash had another son, John David (b. June 19, 1953), by Eleanor Stier, but refused to have anything to do with them. An admitted bisexual, he carried on intimate relationships with men during this period. Although she divorced him in 1963, Alicia took him back in 1970. But, according to Sylvia Nasars biography of Nash, Alicia referred to him as her boarder, and they lived like two distantly related individuals under one roof until he won the Nobel Prize in 1994, then they renewed their relationship. They remarried on June 1, 2001. In 1958 John Nash began to show the first signs of his mental illness. He became paranoid and was admitted into the McLean Hospital, April-May 1959, where he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. After a problematic stay in Paris and Geneva, Nash returned to Princeton in 1960. He remained in and out of mental hospitals until 1970, and held a research position at Brandeis University from 1965-1967. Illustrative is the 30-year publication gap between 1966 and 1996 of any scientific work. In 1978 he was awarded the John Von Neumann Theory Prize for his invention of non-cooperative equilibriums, now called Nash equilibria. Nashs mental health improved very slowly. His interest in mathematical problems gradually returned, and with it the ability to think logically. He also became interested in computer programming. The 1990s brought a return of his genius, though it lived in a still feeble mind. In 1994 he received the Nobel Prize in Economics as a result of his game theory work at Princeton as a graduate student. He is still hoping to score substantial scientific results. Between 1945 and 1996 John Nash published a total of 23 scientific studies, plus an autobiographical essay, Les Prix Nobel (1994) [1] (http://www. nobel. se/economics/laureates/1994/nash-autobio. html), first published in Sweden. A film titled A Beautiful Mind, released in December 2001 and directed by Ron Howard, dramatically portrayed some events of Nashs life. It is (loosely) based on the biography of the same title, written by Sylvia Nasar (1999) and received four Oscars in 2002. A deleted scene from A Beautiful Mind reveals that Nash (re)invented the board game known as Hex or (at Princeton) Nash or John, as it was often played on hexagonal bathroom floor tiles. A Beautiful Mind has been criticized for its inaccurate portrayal of John Nashs life and schizophrenia. The PBS documentary A Brilliant Madness attempts to portray his life more accurately.

Profiling an Entrepreneur :: Business Management

Profiling an Entrepreneur Psychological profiling has become a science within law enforcement. The behavioral patterns of individuals have been categorized by age, sex, race, national origin and birth order just to name a few. Some people are great leaders, organizers, workers, and followers, but the entrepreneur remains as one of the most elusive psychological profiles in the world. Everyone can point to an entrepreneur, but psychologists have had trouble profiling an entrepreneur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As referenced in the Journal of Managerial Psychology 5.2 in a research article written by Chad Perry entitled After Further Sightings of the Heffalump, the entrepreneur is compared to the Heffalump, a mythical creature, that as â€Å"He has not yet been caught and, indeed, we may still lack a reliable description of what he looks like,† he avoids description by those who are not entrepreneurs. This research was conducted to test the 1971 hypothesis of Kilby, that the entrepreneur still lacks descriptive profiling. (Perry, 1990, pg.22) The problem arises from the fact that psychologists are as psychologically disparate from the entrepreneur, as humans are from the Heffalump. An accurate profile is beyond the capacity of psychologists to describe. That is because normal human emotions cannot be interchanged with the psychological makeup of the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are born with inherit traits that defy normal human emotions. They can feel a coarse of action in business, much like a composer can feel a symphony before he hears the final score. The article by Chad Perry was able to discuss variations within the sub-categories of entrepreneurs, as to small business owners versus those who have taken their companies to the next step, such as a public stock offering called an IPO. I am uniquely aware of the entrepreneurial spirit, as my father is such a person. I work with him in his business of selling beds. I see his style and his work ethic of 10 hours a day, seven days a week.

Human factors in technology Essay

Man is the only being who has utilized technology, to the point that it also caused technology to change rapidly through time. Technology has been one of the most influential concepts in the lives of every human being throughout history. It was so influential that it had become one of the major deciding factors in the direction of history. Technological innovations had evolved from the simple to the very complex. From the simple stone cutting tools that prehistoric man had, to the contemporary blades that virtually do not need any resharpening at all. There had also been evolution from the very crude computing technique such as the finger counting, to the very complex supercomputers. In terms of transportation, from the very simple mode of walking and running, man had innovated transportation technology by inventing and innovating cars, planes, ships, etc. Technology had not only affected transportation and computing, but also the social and psychological scene as well. Companies whose general trade is information and technology are the ones whose organizational structure is very much affected by the technological changes. Most of the companies are either computer manufacturers or technological research companies. Apple Inc. , formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. is an American-based multinational corporation which has its focus on technical manufacturing and designing of electronics and software programs for variations of consumers all around the world. It headquarters can be found in Cupertino, California (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). This company basically focuses on the development and support of several electronic gadgets for the market. This same company currently has its eyes focused on the innovation of already existing technologies, as well as the formation of a new breed of technology for the market. Some of its world-famous creations are the iPod, iPhone and the AppleTV. Aside from these electronic equipment and gadgets, the Apple, Inc. is also into the creation of new and better software programs. In the past, it had focused on creating and developing operating systems (OS), and specific application programs. Today, Apple, Inc. is now setting the path before it releases its newest operating system, the Mac OS X â€Å"Leopard†. Apple is very much into expanding its frontiers by exploring new ways of marketing and product presentation (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). It is now into the trend of having an online store where its products, whether hardware or software, can be bought by just a click of the mouse. The company is well-known for their very user-friendly hardware as well as software. Their iPod series, as well as their iPhone, Macintosh series of personal computers and peripherals, iLife software suite, and the Mac OS are just some of their best-known software and hardware products. Also, the company is a major supplier of prosumer software products for specialized purposes such as the audio and film industry (Apple, Inc. , 2007; History of Apple, 2007; Mesa, 1998; Apple. com, 2007). The mentioned things about Apple, Inc. , set up a background for the contemporary company. Technology has an implicit message, and that is to put everything into a very objective perspective, where everything could and should not be subject to an individual’s / group’s personal judgments or beliefs. By virtue of technology, man was able to do things such as measurement and judgment without having biases. With the use of technology, organizations can track their development without having doubts if the people who assessed them were biased about the evaluation process. But this strength is also its weak point. Being very objective would mean that the assessment would be very strict, and it would be guided by certain sets of quantified measurements such as numbers and / or a set of quantified codes. These standards for judgment and assessment can be used to evaluate employees’ activities, company sales and company economic standing. Having these strict standards would mean an easier, more efficient and more economic way of assessing the company. With these, companies such as the Apple could rely on machines about their company’s survival. Machines, which are products of modern technology, could be programmed to assess particular aspects of the company and suggest possible options about how to make the company even more productive. This may sound farfetched, but it could be a good way of looking at the possibility of how machines could help organizations in optimizing their parts. Business oriented companies such as the Apple is currently facing the possibilities of having less human members, and more help from the technology they are developing. These companies, with the help of modern technology, could be able to assess their employees using certain standards that can be input to a computer for further assessment. This way, there would be less processing time, less need for human HRD team members, less specialists in the field of assessing people, more possible members for the pool of computer and technology specialists (which could also mean more capital would be invested on the specialty of the company), and less expenses on the part of the company. Looking at the advantages posed by this method, it would be good to conclude that this could boost company income, thus uplift the lives of its employees in an economic and political sense. On the other hand, this method could also pose a very detrimental effect to the company as a whole, both in the macro and micro perspectives. One disadvantage of this method would be that without the subjective judgments of humans on human resources, it would be possible to miss important and potentially able applicants. Also, it would be possible that the programmed machines would not be able to look the implicit factors such as family background and the personality types of the applicants. Another is the fact that hardcore statistics, which programmed machines use, does not claim that the results are products of the interplay of all possible factors, instead it can only present results with the extraneous factors (which may possibly matter) omitted. References: Apple. com (2007).Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://www. asia. apple. com/. Apple, Inc. (2007). Wikipedia: The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apple_Computer. History of Apple (2007). ). Wikipedia: The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.. Mesa, A. (2007). Apple History Timeline. The Apple Museum. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http://applemuseum. bott. org/sections/history. html.

How to Analyze That Problem.

Case 02: How to Analyze That Problem? 1. What Is your decision? I have formulated the following decisions after delightfulness all the relevant facts revealed with the help of the Scheduling Supervisor, Joyce Lane, during the said meeting: * For the succeeding operations, the production department must stick to the steel which contains the old formula of alloy since the one with the new formula of alloy has an effect on the Panther panels, thus, making them burred.The objectives of the company about the welfare of its employees must be cleared to them so that they may be encouraged to work harder and stop from doubting the intentions of the company, thus, learn to trust the company's interests. * The issue between Farrell and Valentine must be put to an end to prevent such from leading into a more serious problem. Farrell must be reprimanded for not informing Cogging first about his concerns before suspending Valentine. Also, Valentine must be ordered to come jack to work since there Is no proof about him being accused of drinking on the Job, In the first place. . Who will Implement your decision? The shift to the steel which contains the old formula of alloy and the outsourcing of products will be implemented by Robert Polk as the Production Chief and Ben Peters as the Quality Control Manager together with the men in the lines where Panther panels are being produced. * The gathering of employees and resolution of the conflict involving Farrell and Valentine will be headed by Cogging, the Industrial Relations Manager. 3. What measures will you put in place so that the problem will not recur?The Internal control of the company regarding the purchase of raw materials Is poor. If new materials will be employed In the future, there must be tests or examinations to be performed first to know the changes that may occur as well as materials. * A system of quality control which pertains to policies and procedures to be taken into consideration by each and everyone comp osing the whole entity must be established and highlighted, especially such policies and procedures which focus on ethical requirements, to prevent future conflicts between them.

Thomas Paines Effect on the Revolutionary War essays

Thomas Paine's Effect on the Revolutionary War essays Topic: The Effect of Thomas Paine On The American Revolution The American Revolution was one of the most profound accomplishments in American history, if not world history. One of the largest military forces in the world at the time was defeated by a very small portion of its community in a fight for that portions freedom, and independence. Many Americans played a large role in that struggle, some being military, others being politicians. Many people look over a third significant group of people that assisted in the Revolution, the political idealists and writers of the time. Two battles were fought during the time of the Revolution, a battle against Great Britain; as well as a battle to gain the assistance of our neighbors. Political writers, such as Thomas Paine, played a very large role in gaining the support needed by the American people. Thomas Paines work was one of the greatest written influences on the Revolutionary War. His two most pronounced pieces may have been The Crisis, and Common Sense. Although The Crisis did not sell as many copies as Common Sense, it did stir a very large amount of will and the heart to fight amongst those who were able and willing that won this war. The Crisis opens up with the words These are the times that try mens souls. Of course referring to the time that they were living in, the time of the revolution, it is a very strong opening statement to grab the attention of the readers, and that is exactly what he needed to do. Washington, upon reading it, ordered all of his troops to do so as well, as to stir up emotion, and the drive to succeed that they had known in the beginning years of the war. In the very beginning of the paper he makes reference to the summer soldier and the sunshine patriot. Both of these titles are referring to the same peoples; those who fight only when it loo ks as though they are wining, and those who will only show thei...

Applying Ecological Principles for Koala

Ecology has been defined as the branch of science that deals with the biotic and abiotic environment surrounding an organism. It takes into accounts the different types of relationships prevailing between an organism and their immediate surrounding and the environment. The study of ecology emphasizes on the significance of such relationships on sustainability of organism. Various ecological principles are set for maintain an optimum natural environment and ensure the safety of endangered species of Australia. Our current report focuses on a particular animal of Australia, the Koala, which is considered to be one of the threatened species in the country. The report elaborates the ecology of the concerned animal, the relevant ecological issues concerning the species and tries to manifest how ecological principles can be applied in order to create a sustainable environment for conservation of our chosen animal species. The scientific name of the animal is Phascolarctoscinereus. Following is the detailed taxonomic classification of the animal: Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Sub-phylum: Vertebrata; Class: Mammalia; Sub-class: Marsupialia; Order: Diprotodontia; Sub-order: Vombatiformes; Family: Phascolarctidae; Genus: Phascolarctos; Species: Cinereus(Iucnredlist.org, 2016). It is classified as Animalia because of its capability of locomotion and its multicellular and heterotrophic characteristics. Presence of Spinal cord classifies it as Chordate and Vertebrate. Koalas produce milk to feed their young ones, hence they are Mammals. Presence of pouches to carry their young ones qualifies them as Marsupials. The arrangement of their teeth on the jaw and fusion of the second and third digits in its back paw puts it in the order Diprotodontia. Koala is the only still existing member of its family Phascolarctidae. Several characteristics like type and number of teeth and digits are considered to classify it into this family. Considering the features of its urogenital tract, spermatozoa, karyotype and serology it is stated to belong to the genus Phascolarctos.Ecology of Koala Koalas are one of the few animal species of Australia that solely depend on the foliage of Eucalyptus for the source of energy and nutrient. However, specific species of eucalyptus are preferred by the animal and accordingly their population is distributed with their preferred tree species.In general Koalas have a sedentary lifestyle and are solitary animals. Most of them live in overlapping home ranges, which aid them in the process of mating. Both males and females start mating at an age of around two to three years and generally give birth each year. Over-browsing of trees has been a sustainability issue in many areas, which has led to undertaking of several actions like habitat protection, fertility suppression and translocation (Mc Lean 2003). Studies have shown that the tree species koalas use for resting are not necessarily the same species they use for feeding purposes and hence studying their feeding patterns are somewhat difficult (Marsh et al 2014).It has been reported that Koala population increased dramatically in the late 1800s and suffered a considerable decline in the late 1900s due to ecological factors. Currently Koalas are found in Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and South Australia (Melzer et al 2000). In most of the regions the animal has been declared to be Vulnerable by the Australian Government. Koalas were declared to be a threatened species in the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) by the Australian Government. Further the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has declared Koala to be a â€Å"Potentially Vulnerable† species(Savethekoala.com, 2016). Several ecological factors have been identified that have a direct impact on the survival of the animal. Loss of habitat is the most significant of all the issues in this regard. Expansion of human settlement and demands of modern life like roads, factories, agriculture and housing has caused much loss of the wildlife habitats where the animals were already found. Due to increased human population, subsequent increase in cars and dogs has turned to be a serious threat to the animal species. Around 4000 koala deaths have been reported to be caused by cars and domestic dogs each year (Cork et al 2000). It has been reported that Koalas suffer from various diseases such as conjunctivitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and reproductive tract infection that might lead to infertility. Chlamydia is most prevalent pathogen found to be affecting the species (Waugh et al 2016). Other threats faced by koalas are bushfires and danger from other wild animals. Ecology deals with the interactions and interrelationships at various levels ranging from populations and communities to ecosystems and biospheres. Populations comprise interbreeding groups of animals belonging to the same species and inhabiting in the same habitat. When populations of different species interact, communities are formed. Ecosystems are the abiotic and biotic components of a predefined area that influences all the populations and communities of that region. Biosphere includes all the biological and physical processes that directly or indirectly influence life on Earth. Several ecological principles play an important role in maintaining a harmony between all the components of an ecosystem. Ecological interdependence is a key factor that determines the survival of a species. Despite of dynamic changes in the ecological systems each and every species residing in a particular area are dependent on other animals and plants. This dependence arises mainly from the food chain and for obtaining energy and nutrients. Each component of an ecosystem aims at reaching goals that are beneficial for the whole and any organism that acts against this notion is considered as a disturbing factor for the overall ecological harmony. Human beings play a huge role in altering ecosystems by changing the physical environment of the same and disturbing the residing organism of the particular region. This proves to be detrimental to the human species itself on the long run. It has been already discussed that changes in the habitat is the most concerning ecological issue for koalas, where human play a significant part(Little et al 2007).Loss of habitat can cause longstanding impacts on the intera ction between the biotic components of an ecosystem. Human intervention must be stopped to conserve the Koala habitats. This can be done by forming certain legislations and laws on part of the government and thus restricting human impact on concerned regions. Koalas solely thrive on eucalyptus plants that too on certain species of the plants are preferred by the animal. Loss of habitat may lead to loss of certain species of the plant essential for survival of Koalas. Disruption of the food chain due to such losses is often life threatening for animals species. Even natural disturbances affect the population and species of an ecosystem. Natural disturbances can influence the shape size     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and distribution of ecosystems and subsequently thre animal species residing there. The intensity and frequency of forest fires have shapes ecosystems in several regions of the earth. Composition and structure of habitats need to be studied at a landscape level to get an insight about the impacts of natural disturbances. For terrestrial ecosystems the species and community composition and the patch size distribution are of utmost relevance. Bushfire have caused much harm to Koalas consistently. Certain measures are necessary to prevent such fires and deaths of the vulnerable species. Chlamydial diseases in Koalas continue to be one of the most common diseases occurring in the animal (Timms 2005). The causes of preventable disease caused by Chlamydial infection needs to be identified and preventable measures should be taken to avoid further deaths due to such causes. Koalas of Australia are already considered a vulnerable species. Several ecological factors that influence the habitat and consequently their survival of the species have been addressed. Loss of habitat being the most determining factor for the decline in the animal population in recent years needs immediate attention. The indispensible step that needs to be taken is preventing and/or restricting impact of humans on the habitat of the animal. Certain natural disturbances like diseases and bushfires needs to be studied to figure out preventive measures. The role of the government is crucial in this regard. Laws and guidelines must be set considering the significance of the alarming situation. After formulation of such laws the government must ensure effective implementation of the same in order to reach the desired goals.   Bioweb.uwlax.edu. (2016).Classification. [online] Available at: https://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2007/mundt_meli/classification.htm [Accessed 22 Oct. 2016]. Cork, S.J., Clark, T.W. and Mazur, N., 2000. Introduction: an interdisciplinary effort for koala conservation.  Conservation Biology,  14(3), pp.606-609. Iucnredlist.org. (2016).Phascolarctoscinereus (Koala). [online] Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/16892/0 [Accessed 22 Oct. 2016]. Little, G., Lau, T.A., Cypher, A., Lin, J., Haber, E.M. and Kandogan, E., 2007, April. Koala: capture, share, automate, personalize business processes on the web. In  Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems  (pp. 943-946). ACM. Marsh, K.J., Moore, B.D., Wallis, I.R. and Foley, W.J., 2014. Continuous monitoring of feeding by koalas highlights diurnal differences in tree preferences.  Wildlife Research,  40(8), pp.639-646. Mc Lean, N., 2003.  Ecology and management of overabundant koala (Phascolarctoscinereus) populations  (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Melbourne). Melzer, A., Carrick, F., Menkhorst, P., Lunney, D. and John, B.S., 2000.Overview, critical assessment, and conservation implications of koala distribution and abundance.  Conservation Biology,  14(3), pp.619-628. Savethekoala.com. (2016).The Koala - Endangered or Not? | Australian Koala Foundation. [online] Available at: https://www.savethekoala.com/about-koalas/koala-endangered-or-not [Accessed 22 Oct. 2016]. Timms, P., 2005. Chlamydial infection and disease in the koala.  Microbiology Australia,  26(2), pp.65-68. Waugh, C., Hanger, J., Timms, P. and Polkinghorne, A., 2016. Koala translocations and Chlamydia: Managing risk in the effort to conserve native species.  Biological Conservation,  197, pp.247-253. With a decade's experience in providing essay help,

Energy Conservation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Energy Conservation - Lab Report Example The gravitational potential energy of an object refers to the energy an object possesses due to its location relative to a reference point. Considering an object close the Earth’s surface the gravitational potential energy is given as (Cutnell et al. 18) Where g is the gravitational acceleration, m is the mass if the object and y are the vertical position of the object relative to an arbitrary reference point. The following graphical plot illustrates the variation of kinetic and potential energy of the oscillating systems studied in this lab For a swinging pendulum (oscillatory system) there is the constant conversion of energy to kinetic energy, potential energy and back to kinetic energy however the total energy at any given time is always a constant. The energy stored in compressed springs or elastic objects is another form of potential energy that is mathematically given as (Cutnell et al. 25). Notably, when there is no energy input into the system, the total mechanical energy will remain constant. The linear plot shown in the printout shows the constancy of mechanical energy with time defined by same slope over given time. Using the K/m and y values shown in the table of results above the following graphical plot was obtained that shows the relationship between the K/m and the vertical displacement Using the Excel graphical plot above the gravitational acceleration was evaluate because for an oscillating system like a pendulum maximum potential energy (maximum displacement) is experienced when the kinetic energy is at a minimum. Equally maximum kinetic energy for a simple pendulum corresponds to the point where there is minimum vertical displacement. At the point where K/m is equal to zero, the potential energy of the system is at a maximum this corresponds to the point where the value of the arbitrary displacement is 0.1089. The potential energy per unit mass at this point

Marketing managemnet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing managemnet - Essay Example Many companies seek success in various factors. These factors include: excellent information systems, qualified workforce, and modern technology all contribute to business success. Nevertheless, successful companies, such as Coca Cola Company, McDonald’s foods, Starbucks, and other renowned companies have had a similarity: they have a strong customer orientation programs and have heavily invested in marketing on their products and services. Marketing Management In essence, marketing consists of strategies and tactics that are used to identify, create and maintain satisfying relationships with customers that results in value increase for the companies and the customers. Successful companies dedicate efforts to sensing, serving and satisfying the needs of customers in the unique target markets. Companies like Apple have attained brand equity through constant innovation an excellent customer service. Moreover, Apple products are built on advanced communication technology and addi tional feature like email and messages capabilities, which have increased the level of customer satisfaction. Basically, the Apple Company has been able to implement technology, and innovation in all the marketing mix elements (Boone and Kurtz, 2010). Marketers should always understand that business revolves around the creation and delivery of value to customers. The customer value is said to be the variation between the customers’ value gained from owning and using the products and the cost of obtaining the products. Of importance to note is that successful marketing managements entails identifying the right market for the products and services and designing the appropriate marketing communication messages, which are tailored to the particular market and target customers (Green and Keegan, 2012). Elements of Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy of any company is composed of various elements, which interrelate. The main element is the market selection and the product pla nning, which basically involves the product line and the product offering of the target market. A company can either choose a single market strategy or multi market strategy. In single marketing strategy, the company will concentrate its efforts in servicing the single unique market segment while avoiding competition with the dominant players. In a multi marketing strategy, the company will serves several distinct markets hence the importance of carefully selecting the target markets which are viable. In a total marketing strategy, the company will offer differentiated products to different market segments; hence it should utilize the marketing variables such as price, promotion, products, as well as, the distribution strategies in competing effectively in the entire market (Haberberg and Rieple, 2008). The company should ensure that thorough scrutiny should be able to decide and take up on the best marketing strategy that ought to be used. For instance, the Apple Company has been a ble to anticipate and bear the market risks including the effective promotion of the Apple products such as iPods and phones. According to Hartline and Ferrell 2010, a company may also choose an early entry where it brings into the market a new segment after the market leaders hence the company should ensure that it uses superior marketing strategies and sufficient resources to compete with the market leader. A company could also choose a laggard entry strategy where it enters in the market through imitation of

Ethics paper on Privacy and Confidentiality Term

Ethics on Privacy and Confidentiality - Term Paper Example These aspects range within intellectual, behavioral and physical factors in our lives (Chmara). Relative to privacy is confidentiality, which refers to treatment of data, or information that one has disclosed with an expectation that the information will not unveil to other people. Confidentiality is based on trust and anything under confidential terms should only remain within boundaries (Rothstein). At times, there are actions and measures directed at maintaining and protecting the confidential data. While privacy is all about people, a sense of control on other people access on us, protection rights and maintaining information within the power of the participant; confidentiality is about identifiable data, extensions on privacy, and agreements about maintenance along with access controls. From this perspective, confidentiality to some extend comprises of privacy (Rothstein). From my point of view, people posses a need for prima facie rights in privacy. In life, there exists a need for a right in revealing and concealing our relationships with the society and the outer world at large. In this perspective, at our work places, issues addressing health and productivity only concern the employed and the employer (Tomes). Again, there are situations that foster public interests, through agencies, institutions or the government, that demand on legitimate basis on the quest to know. In this case, it becomes very difficult to determine the needs to give priority. The dilemma is widely based on ethical conflicts. According to the health center laws, the difference in these two terms in shown in their description. Privacy is described as a control larger than timing, circumstances and extend that is associated with intellectual, behavioral and physical sharing of others. On the other hand, confidentiality entails information treatment as disclosed by individuals in accord to trust that it will never be disclosed (Behrnd-Klodt). Now, if the need to know from the employe r’s perspective does not tally with those of an employee, a paramount decision has to be made. Conflicts in terms of ethics rise because an employer is responsible for the protection of their consequent employees against health hazards at the work place. For this phenomenon to become a reality, calls employees to give in data on their health and working conditions to the employer must be enhanced. With reference to privacy and confidentiality, the much that employees are obligated in according their information to their employers, they might want to have some data with held, as a secret or on a confidential basis (Rothstein). Working in a health center might pose many challenges especially when faced with incredibly difficult situations. An individual wanting services from a health center may not want to get stigmatized based on the health issues she is attended. A good example is a pregnant woman entering a health center to get pregnancy counseling but does not want stigmati zation. Such stigmatizations are available in most health centers especially due to the signboards that give the health center clients directions to different offices (Chmara). Although most of the hospital managements do not appear to identify this as lack of privacy, in my opinion, it is. Specialists believe that closing of windows in time of physical examination and keeping results in the private area section entails privacy. However, this is

Flow Through A Venturi Meter

Flow Through A Venturi Meter Given a Venturi Meter, Cv , the Venturi coefficient can be determined to compare the actual and ideal values as per Bernoullis predictions, for a volume flow rate. For better comparisons, two separate trials were analyzed and Venturi coefficients for both were computed. Trial 1 and Trial 2 yielded a Cv of 0.93 and 0.92 respectively. In this experiment the values calculated were found to be less than 1.0; this relatively high correlation between the experimental and ideal flows for the given Venturi meter however when compared to the ideal flow, the actual flow for this Venturi is not steady nor one dimensional. Therefore neither of these assumptions can be applied to any given actual flow. Nomenclature Variable/ Constant/ Symbol/Parameter Values Q Volume flow rate (m3/s) V Velocity (m/s) A Area (m2) à Ã‚ air Density of air, 1.23 kg/m3 à Ã‚ water Density of water, 1000 kg/m3 Cv Venturi coefficient Po Stagnation pressure (Pa) is Static Pressure plus Dynamic Pressure Patm Atmospheric pressure, 101.325 KPa Άh Height difference (m) between readings and Patm g Acceleration, 9.81 m/s2 z Elevation of Point (m) ( ½)à Ã‚ V2 Dynamic Pressure (Pa) P Static Pressure Flow Analysis Bernoullis Equation relates two points alongside a streamline as P1 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV12+ à Ã‚ airgz1 = P2 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV22 + à Ã‚ airgz2 z is negligible so à Ã‚ airgz cancels out on both sides leaving P1 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV12+ = P2 + ( ½)à Ã‚ V22 Rearranging: P1 P2 = ( ½)à Ã‚ air(V22 V12) Note that Qideal = V1A1 = V2A2. Solving for V2 V2 = Subbing (5) into (3) and solving for V1 V1 = Then Qideal = A1 Flow Analysis (Contd) For the derivation of Qactual, sufficient distance from the Venturi inlet is assumed for a fluid particles relative velocity to be taken as zero. The same height (z value) as the Venturi will be taken for the particle. P1 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV12+ à Ã‚ airgz1 = P2 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV22 + à Ã‚ airgz2 z is negligible so à Ã‚ airgz cancels out on both sides leaving P1 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV12+ = P2 + ( ½)à Ã‚ V22 as stated, the fluid particles velocity at point 0 is assumed to be 0m/s Patm = P2 + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV22 Solving for V2 V2 = P2 is defined as the static pressure at the inlet, found to be P2 = Patm + à Ã‚ watergΆh Subbing (9) into (8) V2 = To find Qactual Qactual = V2A2. Sub (11) into (12) where A2 is the cross sectional area Qactual = A2 Flow Analysis (Contd) With values for Qactual and Qideal, Cv can then be calculated with the relation Cv = For ideal static pressures combine (8) having solved for P2 and (4) having solved for V2 P2 = Patm ( ½)à Ã‚ airV22 P2 = Patm ( ½)à Ã‚ air Experimental Setup and Procedure The experiment was carried out per the instructions outlined in the course manual. However due to a problem with the apparatus and a constantly fluctuating Venturi meter, a camera was used to take a photo. Measurements were taken from the scale viewed on said picture. Figure Shows Experimental Setup Results For trial 1: Qideal = 0.01238 Qactual = 0.01153 The Venturi Coefficient, Cv, was calculated by using the values found for Qideal and Qactual and substituting them into equation (14). This value obtained was 0.93. To find the stagnation pressure, P = Patm and V = 0; the total pressure at this point is represented by P0 = Patm + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV2, however since V = 0 , the stagnation pressure is P0 = Patm. The Static Pressure is Patm = Patm à Ã‚ watergΆh where the Άh used is the value that corresponds with the throat. Therefore Pthroat = 99.206KPa For Dynamic Pressure, ( ½)à Ã‚ airVthroat2 = Patm Pthroat = 2.119KPa Results(Contd) For trial 2: Qideal = 0.01238 Qactual = 0.01153 The Venturi Coefficient, Cv, was calculated by using the values found for Qideal and Qactual and substituting them into equation (14). This value obtained was 0.92. To find the stagnation pressure, P = Patm and V = 0; the total pressure at this point is represented by P0 = Patm + ( ½)à Ã‚ airV2, however since V = 0 , the stagnation pressure is P0 = Patm. The Static Pressure is Patm = Patm à Ã‚ watergΆh where the Άh used is the value that corresponds with the throat. Therefore Pthroat = 96.871KPa For Dynamic Pressure, ( ½)à Ã‚ airVthroat2 = Patm Pthroat = 4.454KPa Discussion The two calculated Venturi Coefficients for both trials of differing flow rates were found to have close enough values to assume that said coefficients do not depend on the flow rate but rather on the Venturi meter in use. For ideal calibration methods, an average of values, 0.92 and 0.93 could be taken to compensate for ideal assumptions which have been determined to be inaccurate. This would aid the user to find actual values once ideal ones have been found. Although these values are not 1.0, they are relatively close. However despite this, it can be inferred that the idealistic conditions assumed at the beginning of the experiment are invalid as they do in fact incur a noticeable effect on the results creating an error. These assumptions included a one dimensional steady flow that existed in a frictionless environment; such implies no energy transfers. Dimensions for the outlet and inlet were assumed to be equal however if the graphs are reviewed, there are discrepancies and a certain amount of irregularities. These further outline the existence of friction and energy loss which can be observed through the comparison of tables 1 and 2 in the appendix where the values of experimental and ideal static pressures are defined. There was however another source of error that was introduced due to the faulty apparatus as was discussed in the Experimental Setup and Procedure section. Measurements were taken from a photograph to facilitate taking down said measurements from a fluctuating Venturi meter. Bernoullis equation states that when a fluid in flow undergoes a rise in pressure, then its velocity must decrease. Said concept also applies the other way around. Figure 1 in the appendix illustrates this through a rough sketch. Conclusion Venturi coefficients such as the ones calculated in this experiment, 0.92 and 0.93 imply that the actual flow is lower than the ideal flow. Therefore the ideal conditions that were applied only give an approximation to the actual flows. The coefficients can be averaged for a more accurate way to calibrate the Venturi meter. The values found imply that the Venturi meter relates the actual and ideal values relatively well; however this may be due to the fluctuating meters. Also very likely, is the presence of a relatively low amount of friction and symmetrical dimensions in the Venturi meter. References University, Carleton, ed. MAAE 2300 Course Manual. Ottawa, 2011. Print.

Essay --

Ernst & Young was the auditing firm of HealthSouth from 1984 to 2002. Due to financial hardship Healthshore grew desperate and developed a scheme to deceive not only shareholders but Ernst and Young. Inevitably whistleblowers came forth and a lawsuit ensued. The shareholder’s lawsuit against Ernst and Young never went to trial. However, the lawsuit against Healthshore ended in settlement. Though a travesty to the shareholders and employees not involved with the fraud, this fraudulent activity was necessary for it forced the SEC to hinder these types of events to occur in the future. There may still be cases similar to HealthShore going on today had it not been for the Sarbanes Oxley act enforcing stricter requirements for auditing firms. 1.) Ordinary negligence is defined as the absence of reasonable care that can be expected of a person in a set of circumstances. For an auditor, it is what another component auditor would have done given the same scenario. Gross negligence is a step further than ordinary negligence and is that is absence of even slight care that can be expected of an independent, competent auditor. Some states do not distinguish the difference between both of these term but the main difference is ordinary negligence is an accidently mistake and the gross negligence is a mistake caused by a reckless act or decision. Constructive negligence is a more extreme negligence than gross negligence. This negligence is unusual but was committed without intend to deceive or harm. Negligence of this magnitude occurs when an inadequate audit was done but an opinion was issued anyway. For instance, if HealthSouth employees kept a factious account that was above the auditor’s materiality threshold but did not test this account... ...ds being committed so they were not a prudent person in performing due diligence in their audit. 3c. The auditors did their due diligence in that they questioned internal controls and found them to be acceptable if it were not for the deliberate collusion among management they would have been able to detect the fraud and therefor i would not be able to find them negligent in there assertion of the effectiveness of internal controls. 4. A disclaimer of opinion should be issued if the scope of the audit is limited because of management hindrance uness the evaluation during preplanning established that the section of the business being hindered was immaterial in respect to the overall fair presentation of the financial statements in that case if the audit was performed in accordance ewith GAAS the auaidotr should not be considered negligent if a fraud had occurred.

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development in South Asia * Sustainable Development (SD) implies economic growth together with the protection of environmental quality, each reinforcing the other. Sustainable Development, thus, is maintaining a balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend.The main features that all the definitions have are as follows: * A desirable human condition : a society that people want to sustain because it meets their needs * A enduring ecosystem condition: an ecosystem that maintains its capacity to support human life and others * A balance between present and future generations; and within the present generation. Principles Defining Sustainable Development * Sustainable development requires the promotion of values that encourage consumption standards that are within the bounds of the ecologically possible and to which all can reasonably aspir e. Meeting essential needs depends in part on achieving full growth potential, and sustainable development clearly requires economic growth in places where such needs are not being met. * Sustainable development must not endanger the natural systems that support life on Earth; the atmosphere, the waters, the soils, and living beings. * Most renewable resources are part of a complex and interlinked ecosystem and maximal sustained yield must be defined after taking into account system-wide effects of exploitation. Sustainable development requires that the rate of depletion of non-renewable resources should foreclose as few options as possible. * Sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species. * Sustainable development requires that the adverse impacts on the quality of air, water and other natural elements are minimized so as to sustain the ecosystem’s overall integrity. * Two major events in the recent past have fairly lucidly articulated the sus tainable development challenges and priorities for the global community over the next decade. These include the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) –Johannesburg 2002. * Poverty eradication has been clearly identified as the foremost global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development particularly for the developing countries. United Nations Millennium Declaration * At the dawn of the new millennium, the United Nations General Assembly reviewed sustainable development initiatives and processes around the world.Recognising the gravity and urgency of challenges, the global community committed itself to eight goals and eighteen targets to be achieved by 2015. * Indicators of achievement were identified for each of the targets and responsibility entrusted to multilateral agencies to coordinate global efforts. * The declaration, often referred to as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) committed to: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4.Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, and 8. Develop a global partnership for development World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) * The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held at Johannesburg in September 2002 was enriched considerably by the preparatory processes of stakeholders including governments, inter-governmental agencies and civil society groups. WSSD Plan of Implementation focuses on the following: . Reinforcing the Millennium Development Goals, including: a. Poverty eradication b. Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production c. Protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development d. Health and sustainable development 2. Sustainable development in a globalising world 3. Sustainabl e development in regions 4. Means of Implementation 5. Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development South Asian Perspective on Sustainable Development Developing countries and regions need to identify their own priorities and initiate concerted action with maximum self-reliance and minimal external assistance to retard the poverty and environmental degradation. * Various regional and national assessments point towards four broad thematic priorities for the next decade. These tend to converge with recent global mandates and commitments: †¢ Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security †¢ Conserving the Natural Resource Endowments †¢ Securing the Economic Base Strengthening Institutional Systems †¢ Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security * Ensuring food security through accessibility, affordability and well planned sustainable food production, storage and distribution strategies. * Promoting income security through micro-finance and micro-enterpris es as a means of livelihood and developing effective marketing and distribution links with medium and large-scale industries. farming of poor communities through affordable and socially acceptable technologies and practices. Enhancing energy security through improved access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services and resources. * Ensuring health security through significant investments in primary health care infrastructure and systems which are linked to referral systems in towns and cities. * Providing security from natural disasters through preventive action including large-scale afforestation, rehabilitation of degraded lands, hazard resistant structures and other long term measure. * Conserving the Natural Resource EndowmentsWith almost half the land area in the region degraded in one form or the other; the water resource base threatened due to overexploitation and pollution; cities like Mumbai and Dhaka having the dubious distinction of being among the most polluted in the world; and the biodiversity under severe threat; South Asia has no option but to focus seriously on conserving its natural resource endowments. * Providing water security for human consumption, including livestock and The three areas that require immediate and sustained attention are: †¢ Arresting industrial pollution †¢ Managing urbanisation Conserving biodiversity Securing the Economic Base * The long-term sustainability of the South Asian sub-region is critically dependent on a firm and secure financial and economic base which is currently rather fragile. Each country in the sub-region has to strengthen its financial and economic systems while also focussing on poverty eradication and survival issues. * Considerable mutual support and assistance is possible through technology cooperation and sub-regional trade arrangements. * Promoting Technology Cooperation * Building a Sub-regional Trading Bloc Depending on Minimal External Assistance * Strengthening Institutional Systems * All recent assessments reiterate the need for strengthened institutional systems to cater to the emerging priorities of eliminating poverty and creating human security; * managing population growth and its impact; conserving the natural resource endowments; and securing the economic base. * Any successful effort to bring about sustainable development will necessarily require countries of the sub-region to establish mechanisms for formulating policy and implementing it at the relevant levels: * †¢ Local †¢ National * †¢ Regional * †¢ Global * Enhance South Asian Cooperation * Asia is assuming importance in terms of its centrality to global geopolitics and * geo economics. Though characterised by tensions and conflicts, the continent is also * an area of potential economic growth. South Asia is home to a phenomenal skilled manpower. It also houses some of the largest emerging markets in the worl d. Such a diverse resource base can be pooled together for broader regional co operation, which in turn will engender durable peace and security in the region.Key areas of regional cooperation include: †¢ Joint action on Poverty Eradication and Human Security * Sub regional Trade and Economic Policies †¢ Sub regional Sharing and Management of Natural Resources †¢ Strengthening Implementation Systems SAARC Initiatives South Asian Food Bank South Asian Disaster Preparedness and Management System South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement / South Asian Free Trade Area South Asian Technology Bank South Asian Development Bank South Asian Biodiversity Conservation Agreement South Asian Energy Alliance Sustainable Development Science, Medicine and Technology What is sustainable development? Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report:[1] Sustainable development has various definitions; a well-known definition is that of the Brundtland Report. According to the Brundtland Report, â€Å"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.It contains within it two key concepts: * the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and * the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs. † Sustainable development then is the ability to fulfill the current needs while not halting the ability of generations to come to fulfill th eir needs. What is sustainability?Sustainability is the ability of an object to renew itself so that it will always be available. Sustainability means that, the object is available in the present and can continue into the future while still accessible in the future. Sustainability of the earth Sustainability, relating to the earth, means that the earth can continue producing or reproducing all it’s natural products which include: water, food, and air; all which defines our and enhances the quality of life for humans.The earth is a system and within this system are: our society, economy and environment. In order for earth to have sustainability, these three needs to work harmoniously and in equilibrium, In a quest for prosperity in all aspects of life, us – human beings are simultaneously destroying the system that we depend on. Threats to the environment include : * Climate change due to greenhouse gas emission * Increase in Toxic Waste * Lack of Fresh Water * Over fis hing – Lack of fish (food source) * Pollution – Water, Land, Air * Deforestation – Extinction of rain forests Overpopulation (Imbalance in the ration of people and resources) * Poor land management & inappropriate agriculture & soil erosion Threats to the economy include: * Industrial production and economy has decreased * Decrease in wage * Economic insecurity (due to the economy) Threats to society include: * Unemployment * Starvation * Poverty * Violence How to live sustainably? In order to live sustainably, humans need to reduce : 1. ) the dependence on fossil fuels and heavy metals. 2. ) the dependence on synthetic chemicals. 3. ) the destruction of Nature. . ) Insure we are not halting other humans from meeting their global needs. What is being done? A number of things by international organizations are being done from as early as 1970 to present. 1970’s brought both developed, developing and underdeveloped countries was brought together, by The Uni ted Nations Conference on the Human Environment, to discuss the rights of a human family to a healthy and productive environment. 1980’s – A World Conservation Strategy was published by the international union for the conservation of natural resources. the strategy discussed the importance to improve poverty before attempting to conserve nature. 1982- WCS initiative terminated with the approval of the World Charter for Nature. The Charter stated that â€Å"mankind is a part of nature and life depends on the uninterrupted functioning of natural systems†. 1983 – the creation of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) 1984- WCED was deemed an Independent body by the United Nations General Assembly and ask to formulate â€Å"A global agenda for change† 1987- The WCED created a report â€Å"Our common future† discussed the global interdependence and the relationship between the economy and environment – stating â€Å"th e environment does not exist as a sphere separate from human actions, ambitions, and needs, and therefore it should not be considered in isolation from human concerns. The environment is where we all live; and development is what we all do in attempting to improve our lot within that abode. The two are inseparable. † 1992 -First United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. 993 -The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established to follow-up on the implementation of Agenda 21. 1997 – General Assembly devoted its 19th Special Session to design a strategy for the further Implementation of Agenda 21 2002 – World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was summoned to renew the global commitment to sustainable development. Bibliography DEPweb. (n. d. ). World Bank Group. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www. worldbank. org/depweb/english/sd. html Major Groups . :.Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. (n. d. ). Home . :. Sustainabl e Development Knowledge Platform. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://sustainabledevelopment. un. org/majorgroups. html Sustainability Basic Information. (n. d. ). US Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www. epa. gov/sustainability/basicinfo. htm What is Sustainable Development?. (n. d. ). International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www. iisd. org/sd/ Sustainable Development Sustainable Development in South Asia * Sustainable Development (SD) implies economic growth together with the protection of environmental quality, each reinforcing the other. Sustainable Development, thus, is maintaining a balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend.The main features that all the definitions have are as follows: * A desirable human condition : a society that people want to sustain because it meets their needs * A enduring ecosystem condition: an ecosystem that maintains its capacity to support human life and others * A balance between present and future generations; and within the present generation. Principles Defining Sustainable Development * Sustainable development requires the promotion of values that encourage consumption standards that are within the bounds of the ecologically possible and to which all can reasonably aspir e. Meeting essential needs depends in part on achieving full growth potential, and sustainable development clearly requires economic growth in places where such needs are not being met. * Sustainable development must not endanger the natural systems that support life on Earth; the atmosphere, the waters, the soils, and living beings. * Most renewable resources are part of a complex and interlinked ecosystem and maximal sustained yield must be defined after taking into account system-wide effects of exploitation. Sustainable development requires that the rate of depletion of non-renewable resources should foreclose as few options as possible. * Sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species. * Sustainable development requires that the adverse impacts on the quality of air, water and other natural elements are minimized so as to sustain the ecosystem’s overall integrity. * Two major events in the recent past have fairly lucidly articulated the sus tainable development challenges and priorities for the global community over the next decade. These include the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) –Johannesburg 2002. * Poverty eradication has been clearly identified as the foremost global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development particularly for the developing countries. United Nations Millennium Declaration * At the dawn of the new millennium, the United Nations General Assembly reviewed sustainable development initiatives and processes around the world.Recognising the gravity and urgency of challenges, the global community committed itself to eight goals and eighteen targets to be achieved by 2015. * Indicators of achievement were identified for each of the targets and responsibility entrusted to multilateral agencies to coordinate global efforts. * The declaration, often referred to as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) committed to: 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4.Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, and 8. Develop a global partnership for development World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) * The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held at Johannesburg in September 2002 was enriched considerably by the preparatory processes of stakeholders including governments, inter-governmental agencies and civil society groups. WSSD Plan of Implementation focuses on the following: . Reinforcing the Millennium Development Goals, including: a. Poverty eradication b. Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production c. Protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development d. Health and sustainable development 2. Sustainable development in a globalising world 3. Sustainabl e development in regions 4. Means of Implementation 5. Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development South Asian Perspective on Sustainable Development Developing countries and regions need to identify their own priorities and initiate concerted action with maximum self-reliance and minimal external assistance to retard the poverty and environmental degradation. * Various regional and national assessments point towards four broad thematic priorities for the next decade. These tend to converge with recent global mandates and commitments: †¢ Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security †¢ Conserving the Natural Resource Endowments †¢ Securing the Economic Base Strengthening Institutional Systems †¢ Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security * Ensuring food security through accessibility, affordability and well planned sustainable food production, storage and distribution strategies. * Promoting income security through micro-finance and micro-enterpris es as a means of livelihood and developing effective marketing and distribution links with medium and large-scale industries. farming of poor communities through affordable and socially acceptable technologies and practices. Enhancing energy security through improved access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services and resources. * Ensuring health security through significant investments in primary health care infrastructure and systems which are linked to referral systems in towns and cities. * Providing security from natural disasters through preventive action including large-scale afforestation, rehabilitation of degraded lands, hazard resistant structures and other long term measure. * Conserving the Natural Resource EndowmentsWith almost half the land area in the region degraded in one form or the other; the water resource base threatened due to overexploitation and pollution; cities like Mumbai and Dhaka having the dubious distinction of being among the most polluted in the world; and the biodiversity under severe threat; South Asia has no option but to focus seriously on conserving its natural resource endowments. * Providing water security for human consumption, including livestock and The three areas that require immediate and sustained attention are: †¢ Arresting industrial pollution †¢ Managing urbanisation Conserving biodiversity Securing the Economic Base * The long-term sustainability of the South Asian sub-region is critically dependent on a firm and secure financial and economic base which is currently rather fragile. Each country in the sub-region has to strengthen its financial and economic systems while also focussing on poverty eradication and survival issues. * Considerable mutual support and assistance is possible through technology cooperation and sub-regional trade arrangements. * Promoting Technology Cooperation * Building a Sub-regional Trading Bloc Depending on Minimal External Assistance * Strengthening Institutional Systems * All recent assessments reiterate the need for strengthened institutional systems to cater to the emerging priorities of eliminating poverty and creating human security; * managing population growth and its impact; conserving the natural resource endowments; and securing the economic base. * Any successful effort to bring about sustainable development will necessarily require countries of the sub-region to establish mechanisms for formulating policy and implementing it at the relevant levels: * †¢ Local †¢ National * †¢ Regional * †¢ Global * Enhance South Asian Cooperation * Asia is assuming importance in terms of its centrality to global geopolitics and * geo economics. Though characterised by tensions and conflicts, the continent is also * an area of potential economic growth. South Asia is home to a phenomenal skilled manpower. It also houses some of the largest emerging markets in the worl d. Such a diverse resource base can be pooled together for broader regional co operation, which in turn will engender durable peace and security in the region.Key areas of regional cooperation include: †¢ Joint action on Poverty Eradication and Human Security * Sub regional Trade and Economic Policies †¢ Sub regional Sharing and Management of Natural Resources †¢ Strengthening Implementation Systems SAARC Initiatives South Asian Food Bank South Asian Disaster Preparedness and Management System South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement / South Asian Free Trade Area South Asian Technology Bank South Asian Development Bank South Asian Biodiversity Conservation Agreement South Asian Energy Alliance